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Product details

File Size: 5103 KB

Print Length: 240 pages

Publisher: Berrett-Koehler Publishers; 1 edition (August 5, 2013)

Publication Date: July 3, 2013

Sold by: Amazon Digital Services LLC

Language: English

ASIN: B00CTY5FJQ

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For several years, I’ve researched the role of human factors in failure and safety of dams and other systems, and I sensed that I was ‘theory building in applied disciplines’. So this book was naturally of interest to me when I came across it, but I was skeptical that I’d get much out of it. Well, I’m glad to report that I was wrong!The authors have combined strong philosophical and practical insight to produce a book which provides in-depth understanding of the nature of theory in applied disciplines, as well as detailed guidance on the process of developing such theory. And considering the inherently abstract nature of the subject matter, the writing is also surprisingly clear and straightforward, so this is a book which both academics and practitioners should appreciate. I did find that the book became somewhat repetitive after the first half of the book, but the readability of the book made it easy to finish, and of course repetition does have value.Here are my notes from the book:1. In applied disciplines, theory and practice need to be interactive and support each other, and theory can emerge from both practice and scholarly research. Motivations for theory building can include practical problems, new areas of human activity, and immature existing theories. Even with a seemingly mature theory, fundamental flaws may be discovered which warrant major changes to the theory or starting over with a new theory. And changes in applied disciplines themselves may warrant change in theories (theory may need to adapt to a moving target).2. Theories go well beyond hypothesis and conceptualization, and generally have a broader scope than what we typically refer to as models. Models would ideally be founded on theories, but that’s not always the case.3. Theory building in applied disciplines is difficult, ‘messier’ than in hard sciences, may draw on both qualitative and quantitative approaches, and can take years. Theory building isn’t a linear or even cyclic process, but rather can involve working in multiple directions at once with iterations in each direction, interactions among them, and repeated revisions and re-synthesis.4. Effective theory building requires both knowledge of the subject matter and general skill with theory building. Traits of successful theory builders include intense curiosity and interest in the topic, humility about their knowledge and understanding, ability to adopt multiple perspectives, a diverse toolbox of inquiry methods, openness to input from others (especially since developers of a theory can become so close to it that it becomes difficult to look at it critically), and patience and persistence with regard to the theory building quest.5. Theory building can be both inductive and deductive, and can draw on metaphors and analogies. With a deductive approach, it can be useful to experiment with varying assumptions. Theory building may also draw on and incorporate other existing theories, and therefore involve some degree of synthesis.6. Sources of information for theory building can include literature reviews, personal experience, participant observation, case studies (both ‘routine’ and ‘rare’ cases), questionnaires, interviews, collection of practitioner rules of thumb, quantitative measures and analyses, thought experiments, etc.7. The conceptualization phase of theory building involves establishing a theoretical framework by identifying the key elements of a theory, an initial explanation of their relationships, and an initial description of the boundaries of the theory in terms of where it does and does not apply. Regarding boundaries, ‘midrange’ theories are usually best and most realistic, as compared to grand theories or local theories (which may only apply to one or a few cases).8. The operationalization phase of theory building involves putting elements of the theoretical framework in a form which can be empirically related to the real world, so that the theory can be tested and refined. This would include generating hypotheses, propositional claims, and empirical indicators. The more a theory has successfully gone through such testing and refinement, the more it can be considered to have been confirmed (or corroborated, but certainly not proved). Application of a theory in practice enables further testing and refinement of a theory and can include workshops, application of new policies, and application of interventions based on the theory.9. Criteria for assessing theories include relevance to real-world situations, internal consistency and coherence, easy of relating the theory to data and practice, ease of developing hypotheses, ability to make testable predictions, parsimony (without oversimplification), comprehensiveness of coverage within the boundary of the theory, fit with empirical evidence (including surviving attempts at falsification), ability of the theory to evolve, ability to generate new knowledge, and usefulness to practitioners in their thinking and practice. Theories should be modified and evolve as needed to best meet these criteria, and theories can’t generally ever be considered to be complete and final.I can recommend this book to anyone interested in getting understanding and advice on theory building in applied disciplines. This is a solid book on the topic.

good resource for graduate theory or philosophy course.

This is outstanding, practical outline incorporating several schools of thought on theory building. I found it to be extremely well organized and the book incorporated great thinking. Anyone working on theory building will be inspired!

The author and colleagues have spent an inordinate time deconstructing to create models to help others construct but then show there are other ways to approach the problems. They lack sufficient examples to demonstrate both theory building and how these fit in practice. The endpoint is a bridge too far and the bridge is more ephemeral than the one in the movie, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade. All the diagrams and charts give a semblance of accomplishment. The material is deserving of a good article and not play to the expected novice reader. A scientist would try to cut thru the persiflage aimed at disarming the inexperience reader.

A much needed addition to discussions about the importance of theory and its relationship with action. Too many instances occur in which individuals say they know what theory is, but in reality they're holding onto dated perspectives. The book is short - perhaps it could have provided more depth in some instances - but most books about theory and theory building are written for a narrow audience, tending to be dense, long, and pedantic. This book is more accessibly written and includes most of the important ideas needed to get the points across. The authors apparently come from a human resource development perspective, but the text would likely be useful across other areas as well.

The road to purgatory is paved with best practices! Often practitioners interpret their experiences through a-theoretical lens. This may results in "well, we have tried everything and the problem still reemerges" type of experience. Swanson & Chermack demystify theory building in this easy to read book. For those with academic background, it's a 4 hour cover to cover read, for those with practitioner backgrounds; it may take a few more hours to read. Either way this is a handy reference "how-to" book that is best read on kindle, and this remains accessible anywhere, anytime. The main contribution of this book is in the authors' ability to make theory building an accessible and practical process that can (and does) assist executives and leaders avoid fads, and other harmful "flavor of the month" ideas that various consultants perpetrate as "best practices" that don't work in the long-run (see pages 10-11 in the book for just such an example).Well written!

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